全球气候已经发生了急剧的变化英文_全球气候变暖造成的重大变化已在中国出现了英文翻译
1.全球气候变暖的后果 英文加中文
2.翻译一下英文
3.有没有关于全球变暖的英文作文30字的
4.请帮忙把下面的摘要翻译成英文,要人工翻译,不要机器的,谢谢。
5.有个叫全球气候大改变 叫什么效应
6.急求英文翻译高手
1、全球变暖会引起缓发性海洋灾害。
Global warming will cause delayed marine disasters.
2、全球变暖会影响农业产量,气候变暖容易发生洪涝、干旱等自然灾害,而这些自然灾害会增加农业产量的不稳定性。
Global warming will affect agricultural production. Climate warming is prone to natural disasters such as floods and droughts, which will increase the instability of agricultural production.
3、全球变暖会造成我国华北平原静稳天气增多,冬季频繁发生强霾。
Global warming will cause more stable weather in North China Plain, and severe haze events occur frequently in winter.
4、全球变暖会改变物种相互作用的生态系统,影响物种的多样性。
Global warming will change the ecosystem of species interaction and affect species diversity.
5、全球变暖以及由此带来的冰雪加速消融,正在对全人类以及其他物种的生存构成严重威胁。
Global
warming and the resulting accelerated melting of ice and snow are
posing a serious threat to the survival of mankind and other species.
人民网-全球变暖不仅仅是温度上升 它的影响原来那么大
全球气候变暖的后果 英文加中文
气候变化引起全球关注英文是:Climate change causes global concern.
关于气候变化:
气候变化,是指气候平均状态随时间的变化,即气候平均状态和离差(距平)两者中的一个或两个一起出现了统计意义上的显著变化。离差值越大,表明气候变化的幅度越大,气候状态越不稳定。泛指各种时间尺度气候状态的变化。范围从最长的几十亿年到最短的年际变化。可分为地质时期气候变化、历史时期气候变化和现代气候变化。
地质时期气候变化的尺度约104~108年,主要根据动、植物化石及各种遗迹间接研究。据考证其间经历过几次冰期与间冰期交替变化的过程;历史时期气候变化的尺度约102~103年,这时期已有人类出现,主要依据历史文献记录、动植物群的变化、树木年轮分析等手段研究。
其间经历过温暖期与寒冷期、干期与湿期的交替变化过程,全球不同地区既有同步变化,又有反向变化;现代气候变化的尺度100~101年, 利用系统的气象记录研究。一般认为从19世纪末到20世纪上半叶,北半球广大地区气候回暖,尤其是北极和高纬度地区,气温上升显著,而南半球变化不大,到1940年前后变暖现象达到高峰,以后即开始变冷。气候变化的原因很复杂。
翻译一下英文
1、气候变得更暖和,冰川消融,海平面将升高,引起海岸滩涂湿地、红树林和珊瑚礁等生态群丧失,海岸侵蚀 全球变暖的可怕后果
,海水入侵沿海地下淡水层,沿海土地盐渍化等,从而造成海岸、河口、海湾自然生态环境失衡,给海岸带生态环境带来了极大的灾难。 2、水域面积增大。水分蒸发也更多了,雨季延长,水灾正变得越来越频繁。遭受洪水泛滥的机会增大、遭受风暴影响的程度和严重性加大,水库大坝寿命缩短。 3、气温升高可能会使南极半岛和北冰洋的冰雪融化。北极熊和海象会渐渐灭绝。 4、许多小岛将会无影无踪; 5、因为还有热力惯性的作用,现有的温室气体还将继续影响我们的生活。 6、温度升高,会影响人的生育,精子的活性随温度升高而降低……. 7、.原有生态系统的改变。 8、对生产领域的,例如:农业,林业,牧业,渔业等部门…… 9、将感染疾病等传染病……病菌通过极端天气和气候(厄尔尼诺现象,干旱,洪涝,热浪等……) ,扩大疫情的流行,对人体健康危害……
对气候的影响
将更多的二氧化碳和温室气体排放到大气中所造成的危害,谁也无法确切地说明将来会有多严重?科学家正在估算气候变化所带来的危害。按目前的技术水平计算,2004年才能阐明大气中二氧化碳形成和消解的机理,这样就能发现温室效应是如何产生的。2006年才能准确的预知因地球升温而造成的海平面上升。然而真正理解这一切要到2050年。显然,科学家和政治家都不会等到进一步的结果出来才取防治措施,现在的观察和研究成果应该都让公众了解,才不至于使人们不得不在50年后自咽苦果。 温室效应自地球形成以来,它就一直在起作用。如果没有温室效应,地球表面就会寒冷无比,温度就会降到零下20℃,海洋就会结冰,生命就不会形成。因此,我们面临的不是有没有温室效应的问题,而是人类通过燃烧化石燃料把大量温室气体排入大气层,致使温室效应与地球气候发生急剧变化的问题。 温室效应会产生什么样的影响呢?由于矿物燃料的燃烧和大量森林的砍伐,致使地球大气中的二氧化碳浓度增加,由于二氧化碳等气体的温室效应,在过去100年里,全球地面平均温度大约已升高了0.3—0.6℃,到2030年估计将再升高1—3℃。 当全世界的平均温度升高1℃,巨大的变化就会产生:海平面会上升,山区冰川会后退,积雪区会缩小。由于全球气温升高,就会导致不均衡的降水,一些地区降水增加,而另一些地区降水减少。如西非的萨赫勒地区从1965年以后干旱化严重;我国华北地区从1965 年起,降水连年减少,与50年代相比,现在华北地区的降水已减少了1/3,水减少了1/2;我国每年因干旱受灾的面积约4亿亩,正常年份全国灌区每年缺水300亿立方米,城市缺水60亿立方米。 当全世界的平均温度升高3℃,人类也已经无力挽回了,全球将会粮食吃紧。 由于气温升高,在过去100年中全球海平面每年以1——2毫米的速度在上升,预计到2050年海平面将继续上升30—50厘米,这将淹没沿海大量低洼土地;此外,由于气候变化导致旱涝、低温等气候灾害加剧,造成了全世界每年约数百亿以上美元的经济损失。
冰川融化
近年来,人们对从巴塔哥尼亚到瑞士的阿尔卑斯山地区的冰川因为“温室”气体的排放和普遍认为的 南极冰川融化速度加快
温室效应而融化的情况进行了观察。在南亚地区,问题并不是冰川是否在融化,而是融化的速度有多快?虽然全球变暖的许多不良影响可能要到21世纪末才会变得非常严重,但是尼泊尔、印度、巴基斯坦、中国和不丹等地的冰川融水可能很快就会给人们造成麻烦。 国际冰雪委员会(ICSI)的一份研究报告指出:“喜玛拉雅地区冰川后退的速度比世界其它任何都要快。如果目前的融化速度继续下去,这些冰川在2035年之前消失的可能性非常之大”。国际冰雪委员会负责人塞义德·哈斯内恩说:“即使冰川融水在60至100年的时间里干涸,这一生态灾难的影响范围之广也将是令人震惊的。” 位于恒河流域的喜玛拉雅山东部地区冰川融化的情况最为严重,那些分布在“世界屋脊”上的从不丹到克什米尔地区的冰川退缩的速度最快。以长达3英里的巴尔纳克冰川为例,这座冰川是4000万——5000万年前印度次大陆与亚洲大陆发生碰撞而形成的许多冰川之一,自1990年以来,它已经后退了半英里。在经过了19年严寒的亚北极区冬季之后,科学家们曾经预计这条冰川会有所扩展,但是它在1998年夏天反而进一步后退了。
疾病肆虐
哈佛大学新病和复发病研究所的保罗.受泼斯坦注意到,植物也随雪线而移动,全世界山峰上的植物都在上移。随着山峦顶峰的变暖,海拔较高处的环境也越来越有利于蚊子和它们所携带的疟原虫子这样的微生物生存。 西尼罗、疟疾、黄热病等热带传染病自1987年以来在美国的佛罗里达、密西西比、德克萨斯、亚利桑那、加利福尼亚和科罗拉多等地相继爆发,一再证实了专家们关于气候变暖,一些热带疾病将向较冷的地区传播的科学推断。
新冰河期
关于全球变暖的另一项研究结果更令人吃惊,由北极冰原融化,降雨量增加,以及风的类型的不断改变,大量淡水正汇入北大西洋,对墨西哥湾暖流造成破坏,从而切断北大西洋暖流。正是这些暖流把温暖的表层水从加勒比海带到欧州西北部,并使欧洲形成温暖的气候。而北大西洋暖流一旦因全球变暖被切断后,欧洲西北部温度可能会下降5-8℃之多,欧洲可能面临一次新的冰河时代! 这项研究是位于阿伯丁的苏格兰海洋实验所分析了设在兰群岛海域到法罗群岛海域之间自1893年以来的1.7万多次海水盐度测量结果得出的。在过去的每20年中,流向南部的深层海水盐度变得越来越小,浓度越来越低,这表明有更多的淡水从大西洋北部汇入了该地区。这些新数据第一次充分证明了德国科学家在大约3年前设计的计算机模型。 大气中的二氧化碳的含量急剧升高,而世界人口将在2050年之前达到100亿。“我们的世界正在朝着由人造设施来代替现有免费自然的方向发展”,明尼苏达大学的戴维·蒂尔曼说。但是,我们还没有掌握自然生态系统的有关知识。在2.45亿年前的二叠纪大灭绝中,96%的物种灭亡了。后来随着许多新物种的出现,地球上终于恢复了丰富的种群,但是这个过程足足经历了一亿年。威尔逊说:“一些人认为,自然界会复兴人类所毁灭的一切” 。谚语云:“只要有足够的时间,万物皆可应运而生。”或许自然界真的能够恢复一切,但这个漫长的过程对于现代人类无论如何是没有意义的。 马克·吐温曾经说过,天气最动人的特质就在于它的变化多端。1个多世纪过去了,我们仍然在为准确预报天气情况而努力,在控制气候方面却收效甚微;然而,对环境的破坏却是史无前例的。
生态
首先,全球气候变暖导致海平面上升,降水重新分布,改变了当前的世界气候格局;其次,全球气候变暖影响和破坏了生物链、食物链,带来更为严重的自然恶果。例如,有一种候鸟,每年从澳大利亚飞到我国东北过夏天,但由于全球气候变暖使我国东北气温升高,夏天延长,这种鸟离开东北的时间相应变迟,再次回到东北的时间也相应延后。结果导致这种候鸟所吃的一种害虫泛滥成灾,毁坏了大片森林。另外,有关环境的极端增加,比如干旱、洪水等。
政治
限制二氧化碳的排放量就等于是限制了对能源的消耗,必将对世界各国产生制约性的影响。应在发展中国家“减排”,还是在发达国家“减排”成为各国讨论的焦点问题。发展中国家的温室气体排放量不断增加,2013年后的“减排”问题必然会集中在发展中国家。有关阻止全球气候变暖的科学问题必然引发“南北关系”问题,从而使气候问题成为一个国际性政治问题。
气候
全球气候变暖使大陆地区,尤其是中高纬度地区降水增加,非洲等一些地区降水减少。有些地区极端天气气候(厄尔尼诺、干旱、洪涝、雷暴、冰雹、风暴、高温天气和沙尘暴等)出现的频率与强度增加。
海洋
随着全球气温的上升,海洋中蒸发的水蒸气量大幅度提高,加剧了变暖现象。而海洋总体热容量的减小又可抑制全球气候变暖。另外,由于海洋向大气层中释放了过量的二氧化碳,因而真正的罪魁祸首是海洋中的浮游生物群落。
农作物
全球气候变暖对农作物生长的影响有利有弊。其一,全球气温变化直接影响全球的水循环,使某些地区出现旱灾或洪灾,导致农作物减产,且温度过高也不利于生长。其二,降水量增加尤其在干旱地区会积极促进农作物生长。全球气候变暖伴随的二氧化碳含量升高也会促进农作物的光合作用,从而提高产量。
人体健康
(1)全球气候变暖直接导致部分地区夏天出现超高温,心脏病及引发的各种呼吸系统疾病,每年都会夺去很多人的生命,其中又以新生儿和老人的危险性最大。 (2)全球气候变暖导致臭氧浓度增加,低空中的臭氧是非常危险的污染物,会破坏人的肺部组织,引发哮喘或其他肺病。 (3)全球气候变暖还会造成某些传染性疾病传播。
1, he become warmer climate, melting glaciers, sea level rise, causing coast tidal flats, wetlands, mangroves and coral reef ecology group loss, coastal erosion global warming of the terrible consequences, salt water intrusion coastal underground freshwater, coastal land salinization, resulting in the Gulf coast, estuaries, natural ecological imbalance in the coastal ecological environment has brought great suffering. 2 waters, growing area. More water evaporation and extended during the rainy season, floods are becoming increasingly frequent. hit by floods, the opportunity to increase from crisis to increase the extent and seriousness, the Reservoir Dam shortened life expectancy. May 3, high temperatures will make the Antarctic and Arctic ice melting the Korean Peninsula. polar bears and sea will gradually as genocide. 4, many small islands will without a trace of heat inertia, because there is the role of the existing greenhouse gas will also continue to affect our lives. 6, temperatures will affect human reproduction, sperm and lower temperatures with the active......... the original ecosystem changes. 8, the production, such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries sectors, to 9............ bacteria infection diseases through extreme weather and climate events, El Nino phenomenon and drought, floods, heat, and so on......), the expansion of the epidemic outbreak, the health hazards......
The impact of climate 2 will be more carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emissions to the harm caused by air, who are unable to accurately notes will be more serious? Scientists are estimated as a result of climate change. The current level of technology, 2, 2004, atmospheric carbon dioxide to clarify and resolve the mechanism, so as to find ways to produce the greenhouse effect. The Year 2006 can be accurately predict the result of global warming and sea level rise. However really understand this to the year 2050. It is clear that scientists and politicians will not wait until further results come out to take measures to combat the observation and research results to the public should understand that they will not make it had to swallow the bitter fruit after 50 years. Since the earth has been a greenhouse effect, it has been in effect. If there is no greenhouse effect, the earth surface will be extremely cold temperature will drop to minus 20 degrees C, will the sea ice, life will be formed. Therefore, we face is not whether the greenhouse effect, but human through the burning of fossil fuels Significant greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, the greenhouse effect and the Earth climate changed dramatically. What kind of impact will greenhouse effect? the combustion of fossil fuels and massive deforestation, as a result of the global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration 2, 2 the carbon dioxide emissions of greenhouse gases, such as in the past 100 years, the global erage surface temperature has risen by around 0.3-0.6 degrees C, estimated to rise to 2030-1 3 0 c.
When the world erage temperatures 1 o C, great changes in the will of sea level rise, the mountain glaciers will retreat, snow areas will be reduced. As global warming will lead to uneven rainfall in some areas increased rainfall, while some regions precipitation. In the West African Sahel region in 1965 after years of drought of north China, in 1965, the rainfall years, compared with 50 years, the North China' s rainfall has decreased by 1/3, the water resources has been reduced by 1/2; every year due to drought affected an area of about 400 million mu, normal national water irrigation area every year, 30 billion cubic meters of water shortages in cities 6 billion cubic meters. When the world erage temperatures 3 o C, mankind has been unable to restore the global food will be critical. The temperature rise in the past 100 years in the global sea level on an annual rate of 1-2 mm on the rise in sea level is expected to 2050 will continue to rise 30-50 centimeters, and this will be inundated large low-lying coastal land; in addition, droughts and floods caused by climate change, low temperature, increasing climate disasters, resulting in the world each year roximately US dollars more than 10 billion in economic losses.
In recent years, the people of Trinidad and Tobago, the Swiss Alps region because of the "ice" greenhouse gas emissions and generally believed that the accelerated melting of glaciers in Antarctica
有没有关于全球变暖的英文作文30字的
地球气候变化的规模带来了一种新的自然灾害和发达和复杂的城市体系是扩大损坏潜在风险。也有人已经被破坏的健康,因为巨大数量的化学品已被生产和已经使用在追求便利和各种有毒物质已无意和生产中积累的环境。因此,我们需要的观点,防止城市环境灾害和环境风险管理对策。所以我们将开发和改进新的风险管理系统和灾害预防系统,以维护和创造城市环境,让大家觉得很简单的声音在他们的生活。
或者是
地球规模变化的气候带来了一种新的自然灾难和发达和复杂的城市系统持有人为地扩大损害的潜在风险。此外人宠健康因为印制了巨大数量的化学品并已为方便使用和各种有毒物质印制了无意中,并在环境中积累。因此,我们需要一些从观点,防止城市环境形式灾害和环境风险管理的对策。所以我们将发展和改进一个新的风险管理系统和防灾系统保存和创建感觉的人在城市环境很容易和声音在他们的生活。
你看哪句通顺就选哪句吧!
请帮忙把下面的摘要翻译成英文,要人工翻译,不要机器的,谢谢。
Global warming has posed a serioud threat to the survival of humanity in the future. Few people he realized that what our actions in this time mean more ato our future than ever. More than ever before, the basic survival of our species is threatened by the danger of a no longer stable climate, which will destroy the regularity of almost every parts of our life. As the studies conducted by massive gathering of scientists from all over the world points out, if the global erage temperature rised over 2 degrees Celcius, global climate change will be self sustaining, at that point, a no longer stable climate will be the nightmare reality for every inhabitant of earth. Although technology will probably play a key part in sing us from catastrophic troubles, one must not forget that it's technology that got us in this trouble in the first place. In using the techniques developed by those advanced geo-physicists, the future of earth is risked more than climate change, as we he witnessed the unintended consequences of altering nature artificially. Among all the green energy sources, residential solar power generation has the potency to se the world. Few people knows that residential solar generated electricity will be enough for all the uses of the household, maybe even some extra selling back to local utilities. China has the most potential in achieving a Solar Revolution, because China has the most potential in the suply and demand of solar power. Suntect Power ( 尚德) , a remarkable Chinese solar company, offers high quality products in world standard in really low Chinese prices, a miraculous combination. On the demand, a greatest number of residential owners in the world could possible want to get solar generated electricity. If only the Chinese comes up with the right incentives and subsidy to guide the Chinese solar market, it could be the tricker for a revolution that will se humanity from diasters and the change of fortune for China. As the situation entails,everyone of us has responsiblities to protect the planet and ensure the survival of our species. In daily life, try to fulfil the concept of reduce, reuse and recycle as much as one's ability allows and the concept of zero carbon emmission. Using this as these ultimate goals and guidelines, one should try these actions in every means possible and proactively seek and learn better ways to live a green way of life. More importantly, try to use as much green energy sources and products as economic situations allows, especially people in social position, to whom with greater resources lies greater responsibility to use those resources for the greater good.
不好意思, 好像写太多了, (谁让我专门研究过这个问题呢.......)你自己精简吧. 看看也有好处
全球变暖在未来构成了一个对人类生存构成严重威胁。很少有人意识到,在这个时候我们的行动意味着我们比以往任何时候更迹的未来。超过以往任何时候都对我们人类的基本生存受到威胁不再是一个稳定的气候,这将破坏我们生活的几乎每一个部件的规律性的危险。正如科学家所进行的大量研究,搜集世界各地的指出,如果全球平均气温升高超过2摄氏度,全球气候变化将是自我维持,在这一点上,一个稳定的环境将不再是现实的噩梦为每一个地球居民。虽然技术很可能会扮演拯救灾难困扰我们的一个重要组成部分,一决不能忘记,它的技术,在这首先给我们带来麻烦。在使用这些先进的地质物理学家研制的技术,对地球的未来是比气候变化更冒险,因为我们已经目睹了人为改变性质的意想不到的后果。在所有的绿色能源,住宅太阳能发电具有效力,以拯救世界。很少有人知道,住宅太阳能发电将足以为所有的家庭使用,甚至一些额外的售回本地公用事业。中国已经在实现一个最有潜力的太阳能革命,因为中国已在供应中最和太阳能电力需求的潜力。。 Suntect功率(尚德),一个了不起的中国太阳能公司,提供在中国的价格实在低,一个神奇的组合在世界标准的高品质的产品。在需求,最大的住宅业主可以在世界排名可能想要得到太阳能发电。我国如果只配备了适当的奖励和资助额,以指导中国太阳能市场,它可以是一次革命,它将从灾难中拯救人类.
并为中国命运的变化。随着形势的需要,我们每个人都有职责,以保护地球,确保我们这个物种的生存。在日常生活中,努力实践概念的减少,再用和循环再造像一个人的能力大大允许和零碳排放的概念。利用这些最终目标的指引,我们应尽量在一切可能的手段,积极寻求更好的方式来学习和生活的绿色环保的生活方式这些行动。更重要的是,尝试使用如经济形势非常绿色能源来源和产品允许的话,尤其是在人的社会地位,更多的与人更大的责任在于利用好这些的更大
有个叫全球气候大改变 叫什么效应
由于系统要求以附件上传,所以回答请见附件:
并贴上翻译内容:
Shanghai World Expo and Low-carbon Life
Abstract: Since the 10s, with the world order gradually getting into formal, people's livelihood is getting increasingly affluent, people's demands in material and spirit are getting larger and larger, and people begin to unrestrictedly develop natural and social resources. These actions result in increasingly serious environmental damage, causing global climate anomalies, a series of new words such as "greenhouse effect", came into being. These changes he threatened the survival of mankind from the current view, so some scientists he conducted research on these issues. They found that these issues are closely related to the emission of carbon. In some academic conferences in recent years, the "low-carbon life" program was repeatedly discussed, and has been tested in some countries, which will he certain guidance significance for the relative projects we are carrying out.
Key words: low-carbon economy, low carbon living, global climate change
急求英文翻译高手
温室效应,温室效应(英文:Greenhouse Effect),又称“花房效应”,是大气保温效应的俗称。大气能使太阳短波辐射到达地面,但地表受热后向外放出的大量长波热辐射线却被大气吸收,这样就使地表与低层大气温作用类似于栽培农作物的温室,故名温室效应。自工业革命以来,人类向大气中排入的二氧化碳等吸热性强的温室气体逐年增加,大气的温室效应也随之增强,已引起全球气候变暖等一系列极其严重问题,引起了全世界各国的关注。
环境效应是指自然过程或者人类的生产和生活活动会对环境造成污染和破坏,从而导致环境系统的结构和功能发生变化的过程。有正效应,也有负效应。按形成原因,分自然环境效应、环境化学效应和环境物理效应。多为综合效应,如大量工业废水直接排入江河、湖泊和海洋 可使水体的物理上化学上生物条件发生变化,导致水生生物种类、种群变化,并对人类产生影响。 环境保护和环境建设的基本任务,就是设法添加环境系统的正效应,降低环境系统的负效应,从而改善生态环境的质量。
The Sixth Extinction By Niles Eldredge
About 30,000 species go extinct annually.
大约每年有30000种物种走向灭绝。
There is little dou left in the minds of professional biologists that Earth is
currently faced with a mounting loss of species that threatens to rival the five
great mass extinctions of the geological past.
在生物学专家心中都有一个小小的疑问,地球是否在面临着可能媲美过去五大物种灭绝的另
一次不断增加的物种灭绝。
As long ago as 1993, Harvard biologist E.O. Wilson estimated that Earth is
currently losing something on the order of 30,000 species per year -- which
breaks down to the even more daunting statistic of some three species per hour.
早在1993年,哈佛一名生物学家,E.O. Wilson就预测地球物种正在以每年30000种的速度消
失, 而这种令人心悸的预测则被更为恐怖的每小时3种的统计结果结束了.
Some biologists he begun to feel that this biodiversity crisis -- this "Sixth
Extinction" -- is even more severe, and more imminent, than Wilson had supposed.
The previous mass extinctions were due to natural causes.
一些生物学家已经开始察觉到生物多样性的危机了. Wilson预测说这次的第六次物种灭绝,
比以往五次更为严重,更为紧迫。前几次大量物种灭绝的发生,只是因为自然原因。
Extinction in the past
过去的几次大量物种灭绝
The major global biotic turnovers were all caused by physical events that lay
outside the normal climatic and other physical disturbances which species, and
entire ecosystems, experience and survive. What caused them?
过去的几次生物界翻天覆地的变化,原因都不外乎正常的天气还有其他的物理因素干扰这些
物理因素,而整个生态系统都安然度过了。这些都是怎样发生的呢?
* First major extinction (c. 440 mya): Climate change (relatively severe and
sudden global cooling) seems to he been at work at the first of these-the end
-Ordovician mass extinction that caused such pronounced change in marine life
(little or no life existed on land at that time). 25% of families lost (a family
may consist of a few to thousands of species).
第一次大量物种灭绝(c.440 mya):较为严重的突然全球变冷似乎先发生,然后就有了
引起海洋物种显著变化的后奥陶纪的大量物种灭绝(当时很少或者根本没有生物在大路上生
存),大约25%的物种科目消失了(一个物种科目可能含有几十到上千的物种)。
* Second major extinction (c. 370 mya): The next such event, near the end of
the Devonian Period, may or may not he been the result of global climate
change. 19% of families lost.
第二次大量物种灭绝(c. 370 mya):第二次类似的发生在大概泥盆纪结束的时候
,尚未清楚是否由于全球气候的变化。这次有19%的物种科目消失了。
* Third major Extinction (c. 245 mya): Scenarios explaining what hened at
the greatest mass extinction event of them all (so far, at least!) at the end of
the Permian Period he been complex amalgams of climate change perhaps rooted
in plate tectonics movements. Very recently, however, evidence suggests that a
bolide impact similar to the end-Cretaceous event may he been the cause. 54%
of families lost.
第三次大量物种灭绝(c. 245 mya):地质构造论中二迭纪发生的大范围地壳运动和气
候的复杂多变可以解释这次起码到现在为止是最大规模的大量物种灭绝。但在最近,又有证
据说类似于后白垩纪的流星可能是这次物种灭绝的主要原因。这次54%的物种科目被灭
绝了。
* Fourth major extinction (c. 210 mya): The event at the end of the Triassic
Period, shortly after dinosaurs and mammals had first evolved, also remains
difficult to pin down in terms of precise causes. 23% of families lost.
第四次大量物种灭绝(c.210 mya):这次大量物种灭绝发生在发生在三叠纪后期,在进
化出恐龙和哺乳动物之后不久。这次物种灭绝很难精确确定出原因。23%的物种科目消失了
* Fifth major extinction (c. 65 mya): Most famous, perhaps, was the most
recent of these events at the end-Cretaceous. It wiped out the remaining
terrestrial dinosaurs and marine ammonites, as well as many other species across
the phylogenetic spectrum, in all habitats sampled from the fossil record.
Consensus has emerged in the past decade that this event was caused by one
(possibly multiple) collisions between Earth and an extraterrestrial bolide
(probably cometary). Some geologists, however, point to the great volcanic event
that produced the Deccan traps of India as part of the chain of physical events
that disrupted ecosystems so severely that many species on land and sea rapidly
succumbed to extinction. 17% of families lost.
第五次大量物种灭绝(c. 65 mya):物种灭绝中最为著名的可能莫过于距离现在最近的
在白垩纪末发生的第五次物种灭绝. 根据对化石的研究发现,在这次物种灭绝中,陆地恐龙和
鹦鹉螺都完全消失. 有着同样命运的还有许多物种谱中的生物. 在过去十年中,大家都认为
这次物种灭绝的原因在于一次(也有可能是多次)地球与宇宙流星(很有可能是彗星)的相撞.
但一些地质学家持不同意见。他们把原因归结于产生了印度德干traps(陷阱?)的火山运
动而造成的生态系统的剧烈变动,最终使陆地上和海里的许多生物迅速走向灭绝。
The current mass extinction is caused by humans.
现在我们面临的大量物种灭绝是人为因素造成的。
How is the Sixth Extinction different from previous events?
第六次大量物种灭绝与之前有什么不同呢?
At first glance, the physically caused extinction events of the past might seem
to he little or nothing to tell us about the current Sixth Extinction, which
is a patently human-caused event. For there is little dou that humans are the
direct cause of ecosystem stress and species destruction in the modern world
through such activities as:
初步来看,过去五次大量物种灭绝对现在第六次认为造成的物种灭绝没有任何可借鉴意义,
因为毫无疑问人类造成了如下几种情况,给生态系统造成了很大压力,给物种带来了灭绝:
* transformation of the landscape
地貌的改变
* overexploitation of species
物种的过度开发
* pollution
污染
* the introduction of alien species
带来了外来物种
And because Homo sapiens is clearly a species of animal (however behiorally
and ecologically peculiar an animal), the Sixth Extinction would seem to be the
first recorded global extinction event that has a biotic, rather than a
physical, cause.
同样由于智人很明显是动物的一员(虽然行为和外貌上不很像动物),第六次物种灭绝似乎
是有史以来第一次由生物而不是物理环境变化引起的。
We are bringing about massive changes in the environment.
我们给环境带来了剧烈的变化。
Yet, upon further reflection, human impact on the planet is a direct analogue of
the Cretaceous cometary collision. Sixty-five million years ago that
extraterrestrial impact -- through its sheer explosive power, followed
immediately by its injections of so much debris into the upper reaches of the
atmosphere that global temperatures plummeted and, most critically,
photosynthesis was severely inhibited -- wreaked hoc on the living systems of
Earth. That is precisely what human beings are doing to the planet right now:
humans are causing vast physical changes on the planet.
Humans began disrupting the environment as soon as they eared on Earth.
然而进一步的说,人类对于地球的影响,完全相当于白垩纪的彗星撞击。彗星带来了爆炸性
的力量,紧接着把碎片带到大气上层,引起了全球气候降低,还有最重要的,极大地降低了
光合作用,就像是对地球生态系统的愤怒轰炸一样。这完全和现在人类正在对这颗行星做的
一样:人类正在给这颗行星的物理环境带来巨大的改变,而这种改变,自从人类出现便已经
开始了。
What is the Sixth Extinction?
什么是第六次大量物种灭绝?
We can divide the Sixth Extinction into two discrete phases:
我们可以把第六次大量物种灭绝分为两段
* Phase One began when the first modern humans began to disperse to
different parts of the world about 100,000 years ago.
第一阶段开始于100,000年前现代人类分散到世界各地
* Phase Two began about 10,000 years ago when humans turned to agriculture.
第二阶段开始与10,000年前人类开始了农业劳动
先翻译到这里。。。有空我会接着翻。。。
太长了,你还是加我的QQ吧。416214890,我帮你翻。